
Weekly insights on mathematics, optimization, and the ideas behind them - Explained clearly.
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Learn how mathematics works through clear explanations of calculus, differential equations, linear algebra, optimization, statistics, and more.
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Latest Insight
Function Composition and Operations
Combining functions through composition and operations - Explore how one function’s output becomes another’s input, how multiplication and division create new functions, and which outputs those functions can produce.
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The Calculus of Falling Bodies
Modeling motion through mathematics - See how gravity and velocity determine an object's motion, while quadratic equations reveal its displacement, flight duration, and the domain of its height function.
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Finding the Domain and Range of a Function
Finding the domain and range of a function - See how a square-root condition determines its allowed inputs, while inequalities and a reverse check reveal every output it reaches.
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Nonlinear Optimization
Finding the extrema of a nonlinear function - See how critical points, the second derivative test, and endpoint values reveal its local and absolute maxima and minima.
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Finding the Basis of the Null Space
Finding a basis for the null space using RREF - See how free variables and linear combinations reveal the basis of a matrix's null space.
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Basis, Row Space, Column Space & Rank
Using RREF to uncover the structure of a matrix - See how basis, row space, column space, and rank reveal the fundamental structure of a matrix.
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The Product Rule + Chain Rule
A simple breakdown of the product and chain rule - See how these fundamental differentiation techniques work together to find the derivative of a function.
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When Portfolios Behave Like Damped Springs
A simple breakdown of damping differential equations - See how the mathematics of mechanical vibrations can be applied to model portfolio movement and mean reversion.
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Solving Differential Equations: The Characteristic Equation
A simple breakdown on the characteristic equation - Learn how a simple derivative property leads to the solutions of a homogeneous differential equation.
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RREF: When a System Has No Solution
A simple breakdown on reduced row echelon form - Learn how row reduction reveals the solutions to a system of equations.
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Portfolio Optimization with the Simplex Method
A simple breakdown of portfolio optimization - Learn how the Simplex Method can find the optimal investment allocation.
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What Was the Annualized Return?
A simple breakdown on annualized returns - Learn how mathematics can help you understand investment returns.
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Models Matter
A simple breakdown on models - Find out what makes Investment Optimization app so powerful.
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How to Invest
A simple breakdown on learning how to invest - Learn the game of investing.
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Portfolio Statistics
A simple breakdown on portfolio statistics - Find out the statistical questions people ask when evaluating their portfolio.
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ETFs
A simple breakdown on ETFs - Find out why people use these powerful tools.
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The Power of Compounding
A simple breakdown on compound interest - Find out what compounding can do.
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Framing
A simple breakdown on framing - Find out what framing actually is.
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What Is Optimization?
A simple breakdown on optimizing - Find out what optimizing means today!
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Complicated Accounting
A simple breakdown on accounting - Find out why accounting can become very complicated.
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Bookkeeping Doesn’t Have to Be Difficult
A simple breakdown on bookkeeping - Find out why bookkeeping is very important.
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The Core Qualities of an Asset
A simple breakdown on asset structures - Find out how you may be optimizing your portfolio wrong.
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Why I built Investment Optimization with Local-First Security
A simple breakdown on why I built IO - Find out the “money“ issue still going on in the world.
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Why Portfolio Analysis Matters
A simple breakdown on why analysis is of utmost importance - Find out another hidden secret within your portfolio.
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Portfolio Advice to Your Grandma
A simple breakdown in tribute to Mother’s Day - Find out the secret to portfolio success.
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What People Get Wrong About Theories
A simple breakdown of how theories work - Find out why they are often misunderstood and the difference between theories, conjectures, and propositions.
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Linear Regression: Measuring How Assets Actually Behave
A simple breakdown of how linear regression works - Find out how asset returns, market returns, asset-market impact, baseline behavior, and the concept of “noise“.

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Why Portfolios Are Simpler Than They Look
A simple breakdown of how portfolios actually work - From returns to risk and diversification.
